learn english 2019

Some of the most basic and important English grammar rules relate directly to sentence structure. These rules specify that: A singular subject needs a singular predicate. A sentence needs to express a complete thought. Another term for a sentence is an independent clause:  Clauses, like any sentence, have a subject and predicate too. If a group of words does not have a subject and predicate, it is a phrase. If a clause can stand alone and make a complete thought, then it is independent and can be called a sentence. If clauses do not express a complete thought, they are called dependent clauses. An example of a dependent clause, which is not a sentence, is “when I finish my work.” A dependent clause needs an independent clause to make it whole. Subjects and Predicates Basic to any language is the sentence, which expresses a complete thought and consists of a subject and a predicate. The  subject  is the star of the sentence; the person, animal, or thing that is t...

Asking for input What do you think (about . . . )? How do you feel (about . . . )? Any ideas? What are the alternatives? Exploring Options Let's look at Option 1. What (do you think) about Plan B? How about the third alternative? Let's consider Bob's proposal. Moving on Let's move on to Option 2. What about Plan C? Let's look at the fourth choice. How about Mary's idea? Should we move on to the next point? Before we move on, we need to consider . . .

How to make offers in English? It is common that English speakers  make offers  in conversations in order to be polite and helpful. When they do so they use these expressions: Can I… ? Shall I… ? Would you like … ? How about ...? English learner must be able to make offers as well as accept or reject them. The following are useful expressions to do so. Making offers: Can I help you? Shall get you some juice? Would you like a glass of water ? How about some pizza? Examples: "Can I help you?" "Shall I open the window for you?" "Would you like another cup of coffee?" "Would you like me to clean the board?" "How about a juice? " Remember: Shall, can  and   will   are followed by the verb without   to .   Example: "Can I  help  you?" "Shall I  bring  you the mobile phone? Shall  is more formal than  can . Would you like…   is followed either by a noun, or by the verb with  to . Example: "Would you like  some tea...

Possessive adjectives are used to show ownership or possession. Subject pronoun Possessive adjective Singular I my you your he his she her it its Plural you your we our they their For example: I own a laptop. = It is  my  laptop. You own this computer (I presume). = It is  your  computer. David owns a black car. = It is  his  car. Karen owns a house. = It is  her  house. We hope you all enjoy these lessons. = They are  your  lessons. The dog has a food bowl. = It is  its  food bowl. We love this website. = It is  our  website. Manchester United own a football ground. = It is  their  football ground. !Note  - You - Your = the same for singular and plural.

Adjectives can be used to describe lots of things, from physical size, age, shape, colour, material, to more abstract things like opinion, origin and purpose. We can use adjectives together to give a detailed description of something. Adjectives that express opinions usually come before all others, but it can sometimes depend on what exactly you want to emphasise. For example:  "That's a nice, big, blue bag." (You like the bag.) "That's a nice blue." (You like the colour.) When we group adjectives together there is a general (sometimes flexible) rule for the position of each type of adjective, these are:- Position 1st* 2nd* 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th Opinion Size Age Shape Colour Material Origin Purpose Nice Small Old Square Black Plastic British Racing Ugly Big New Circular Blue Cotton American Running You might swap adjectives that express an opinion and an adjective based on fact depending on what you wish to emphasise:- For example: "She had a long, ug...

When we compare things, people or even ideas we look at what makes them different from each other. Comparative adjectives are used to show what quality one thing has more or less than the other. They normally come before any other adjectives. !Tip  - It's a good idea to learn opposites (antonyms) when learning adjectives. For example: TALL / SHORT The man on the left is   taller  than the man on the right.   The man on the right is  shorter  than the man on the left. !Note  - Have you noticed that when we are comparing two things like this we put  than  between the adjective and the thing being compared. FAST / SLOW   A car is   faster  than   a bicycle.   A bicycle is  slower  than  a car. For example: BIG / SMALL   The red bag is   bigger than   the blue bag.   The blue bag is  smaller than  the red bag. For example:- 'good' becomes 'better' 'bad' becomes 'worse' 'far' be...

Used especially to identify the subject of a finite verb. A noun or pronoun is in the subjective when it is used as the subject of the sentence or as a predicate noun. In the following examples, nouns and pronouns in the subjective case are italicized. A noun in the subjective case is often the subject of a verb. For example: " The tree  fell on my car", "the tree" is in the nominative case because it's the subject of the verb "fell". Pronouns are inflected to show the subjective case PERSONAL PRONOUN Subjective/Nominative Referring to the subject in a sentence. I You He She It We They Who For example: Lynne  owns this web site. I  hope to finish my homework tomorrow. She  enjoyed her English lessons. He  is an  idiot . (The word idiot is a predicate noun because it follows  is;  a form of the verb "be") .

Case is the grammatical function of a noun or pronoun. There are only three cases in modern English, they are subjective  (he), objective  (him)  and possessive  (his) . They may seem more familiar in their old English form - nominative ,  accusative and genitive. There is no dative case in modern English. Yippee! First more good news. You cannot really go wrong here, we got rid of most of our cases and as a result English is easier than many other languages because nouns and some indefinite pronouns ( anyone, someone, everyone,  and so on) only have a distinctive case form for the possessive. There are a few remnants of old English though, and pronouns have distinctive forms in  all three cases  and should be used with a bit more care. The pronoun cases are simple though. There are only three:- 1.   Subjective case:  pronouns used as subject.   2.  Objective case:  pronouns used as objects of verb...

We don't usually use an article to talk about things in general:- Inflation  is rising. People  are worried about rising crime. (Note! People generally, so no article) You do not use an article when talking about sports. For example : My son plays  football. Tennis  is expensive. You do not use an article before uncountable nouns when talking about them generally. For example : Information  is important to any organisation. Coffee  is bad for you. You do not use an article before the names of countries  except  where they indicate multiple areas or contain the following words: state(s), kingdom, republic, union... For example : No article - Italy, Mexico, Bolivia, England Use the -  the  UK (United  Kingdom ),  the  USA (United  States  of America),  the  Irish  Republic Multiple areas!  the  Netherlands,  the  Philippines,  the  British Isle s

You use  the  when you have already mentioned the thing you are talking about. For example : "She's got two children;  a  girl and  a  boy.  The  girl's eight and  the  boy's fourteen." We use  the  to talk about geographical points on the globe. For example : the  North Pole,  the  equator We use  the  to talk about rivers, oceans and seas For example : the  Nile,  the  Pacific,  the  English channel We also use  the  before certain nouns when we know there is only one of a particular thing. For example : the  rain,  the  sun,  the  wind,  the  world,  the  earth,  the  White House etc.. However if you want to describe a particular instance of these you should use a/an. For example : "I could hear  the  wind." / "There's  a  cold wind blowing." "What are your plans for  the  future?" ...

Some adverbs tell us when something happened or will happen. These include: afterwards, later, now, soon, yesterday etc. For example:- Yesterday  all my troubles seemed so far away.  - In this sentence  yesterday  shows us when the singers troubles seemed so far away.. Other adverbs of time include:- Time Example Saturday, Sunday ... I am going to the shops on Monday. Today I've been to the shops today. Yesterday I went yesterday. Next week/month/year I am going next week. Last week/month/year I went last year. Finally I finally went. Eventually I eventually went to the shops. Already I've already been to the shops. Soon I'm going to the shops soon. Just I'm just going to the shops. Still I'm still at the shops. Superlative form of Adverbs The superlative form of an adverb is used to say what thing or person does something to the greater degree within a group or of its kind. Superlatives can be preceded by ' the '. In general the superlative forms of adverbs...